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India replaced its colonial-era
criminal laws with three new ones effective July 1, 2024. These modernize the
justice system by emphasizing technology, victim rights, and faster trials.
The Three Laws
s Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023: Replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC),
1860. Defines offenses like terrorism and organized crime, adds a chapter on
crimes against women and children, and shifts focus from punishment to justice.
s Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
(BNSS), 2023: Replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973.
Introduces timelines for investigations (e.g., 90 days), online FIR filing,
electronic summons, and mandatory forensics for serious crimes.
s Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA),
2023: Replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Recognizes digital and
electronic evidence to streamline trials.
Key Changes
These laws prioritize national
security, victim-centric processes, and tech integration like e-FIRs and crime
scene forensics. They mandate training for police and updates to systems like
CCTNS, aiming to boost conviction rates.
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